In what ways was Napoleon a warrior overloard in his Treatment of his subjects? :: European Europe History

In what ways was Napoleon a warrior overloard in his Treatment of his subjects? The question asks what was Napoleons treatment of his European subjects. However first we need to learn what these subjects were and distinguish the differences between them. The states of the Grand Empire fell into one of two categories - lands annexed directly to France, or satallite states under French control but allegedly enjoying a 'modicum' of independence. The extent of Napoleon's influence varied, depending on the length of time a particular country remained under his authority. Examples of annexed territories are; Nice,Savoy, Belguim and the Germanlands west of the Rhine. These were annexed early (pre 1800) and had were quickly incorporated into the French administrative system, however these states were mainly divided into divisions for recruitment purposes. By the time of the Brumaire fuedalism as in France had been abolished in these territories. Also land belonging to the nobility or church were either confiscated or sold. All the annexed states were ruled from Paris and were regarded as extensions of the 'old France'. All new French policies were introduced like the civil code and the judicial process of civil and ccriminal courts. A semi circle of nominally independent satellite states, were mainly run by Napoleons relatives, formed a 'buffer zone' around France. These states protected the boarders of the French empire from any attack. Some examples of satellite states are; Switzerland, Spain, Naples and Italy. These satellite states, allegedly independent, infact had little frredom of action. Their rulers were strictley supervised and tutored by Napoleon in the way they should go. The satellite states was very different. They were never allowed to forget that they existed only to serve the intrests of France. Napoleonwanted them to fullfill a number of other valuable functions in Napoleon's imperial enterprise. They were first and foremost military vassal states and Napoleon's relationship with themwas eventually wery like that of a 'warrior-overlord', extracting the advantage from them for the minimum return. These states raised about a third of the troops for the Grand Armee. The distribution of crowns among Napoleons relatives served two purposes for him. One of the two was that they would remain loyal to him no matter what. Also, with such a large number of Bonaparte sovereigns available he could expect in due course to arrange useful marriage alliances with older royal houses and give his successors the dynastic respectability the family presently lacked.

Gender Differences of Communication :: Communicating Talking Speaking Relationships

Gender Differences of Communication How do men and women communicate clearly when most of their ways of communicating are so different? In today's society language plays a key role in defining gender by phraseology, vocabulary, and also their nonverbal vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is prominently different between men and women.Webster's defines phraseology as "a choice and pattern of words." Many studies have been done on the differences between men and women's phraseology. It has been noted in many different studies that men tend to talk much more than women do. This was proven true in a study that Lynette Hirshman did in 1974 (Glass 33). It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men; this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men can. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it. (Glass 33) Women tend to be more detailed when describing events, persons, places or things. Linguist Robin Lakoff states in her book, Language and Woman's Place, women use greater description when describing colors. (Glass 31) Women notice more detail than men causing women to be more perceptive; they notice things such as tone of voice, facial expression, and body language. Being able to pick up on those three types of communicating helps women better understand what is actually being said in a conversation. Men and women's styles of communicating are close to being directly opposites of one another. Men tend to be louder more aggressive speakers; they mumble many of their words and tend to be sloppy in their pronunciation of words. Men tend to use loudness when emphasizing words instead of inflection and pitch to emphasize points. According to Webster's, inflection is "a change in the tone of the voice," or "the change of form in a word to indicate number, case, tense, etc." (Glass 51) Women tend to use pitch and inflection more so than men do. Men have a tendency to speak in a lower tone and rarely change from that tone to any others. Women on the other hand speak in five different tones, which makes them sound more emotional.

Vitamins Essay -- essays research papers

Vitamins In the early 20th century the discovery of vitamins began. Today there is a chance that there are some vitamins that are still undiscovered. The definition of vitamin is: one of several substances necessary for animal nutrition, and occurring in minute quantities in natural foods; numerous types have been distinguished, and designated by the letters of the alphabet. Each and every living animal needs vitamins to grow and be healthy. Since the human body can t produce vitamins naturally or normally produce the amounts needed, food provides the body with them. There are different vitamins found in different foods. These vitamins give vital nutrients to an animal. In 1906, the British biochemist Sir. Frederick Hopkins demonstrated that foods contain accessory factors in addition to proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and water. Then, in 1912, thee chemist Casimir Funk identified that the antiberiberi substance in unpolished rice was an amine (a type of Nitrogen-containing compound), so Funk proposed that it be named vitamine, from vital amine. It was later discovered that different vitamins have different chemical properties. This discovery caused vitamine to be turned into vitamin. In 1912 Hopkins and Funk made a hypothesis. The hypothesis stated the absence of some vitamins could cause diseases such as beriberi and scurvy. Later a letter was assigned to each vitamin. The letters which were assigned to vitamins in the early years of vitamin research categoriz...

Reflective Letter

In Class Assignment 4 4 Reflective Letter: Introduction 4 People are capable to learn from several basis of knowledge throughout their life. Knowledge can come from sciences or language. Actually, language may come first according to the demand and affectedness of arrangement. It is the link of all other sciences skills. Through fourteen weeks period of learning â€Å"English Academic Writing II † I have gained three important points that I hope they will lead me to be an independent writer.These points are thesis statement, discussion leader and Read, Reason, Write activity. Body 4 Thesis statement is the master key of the essay . Whenever you have read an essay, but keeps feeling that something is missing, it will be surely in the thesis statement. Thesis statement is a sentence , a couple or even more in which arrange, clarify ,state and simplify the main points which will be discussed in detailed each one alone in the essay .Thesis statement helps understand the structure and systematic arrangement of the essays. I have learned how to write a strong thesis statement through a lot of practices of different types of essays. The second point that touched me through attending this course was leading a class discussion through a new topic with several points to be discussed. A discussion leader activity has inspired me and it has enhanced my self-confidence as an independent writer.In addition, it improves other skills for the person to achieve better experience of understanding how to write, specify or conceive people through your piece of writing. Last point, but not the least, † Read, Reason, Write’’ assignment which focuses on justifying the reasons behind a written essay through writing. Therefore, it is a kind of challenge or inverse of writing skills by giving a written response. This helped me gathering a nice collection of ideas of arrangement, new stylistics of writing, and ways of expression.This collection can support my sk ills as an independent writer and improve it as well. Conclusion 4 In conclusion, the benefits I got from past practices provide better quality of writer and writing . Thus, it results in improvement or developing the skills of language, writing, or even both. Discussion leader and â€Å"Read, Reason, Write† activities have integrated my writing, while thesis statement and its practices have fluently achieved the understanding of different essays.

My Favourite Band Essay

I have always loved music since I was young . My favorite band is One Direction . I love One Direction because they are the most amazing band in the world . When I first heard their music, I knew that they were always going to be one of my favorites band. They song made me want to get up, dance, and sing . Their music is catchy ,fun to listen to and over all great. One Direction are a British-Irish boy band consisting of members Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson . The cutest guys you could imagine . I like One Direction most because their voice is very nice and when they sings their voice comes from the heart and which is very touchy and tends the song listen many times. They competed on the seventh season of The X Factor . One Direction’s first single is â€Å"What Makes You Beautiful† . The first song of one direction that makes me feel crazy is What Makes You Beautiful . A catchy tune began to play, it made not only my body dance b ut my heart too. A deep and sweet voice began to sing meaningful lyrics that made me smile so much it hurt my cheeks. One Direction’s song Little Things has the emotions kind of moving, with the lyrics that make you want to cry because they are so meaningful. One Directions voices are reason why I love them so much. Their singing voices and talking voices can catch anyone speechless . Their voices are so beautiful, in every single way possible. I mostly like Harry and Zayn voices . Each member has beautiful personalities as well, another reason I love them so very much. Liam has a sweet and caring personality. Louis believes he will never grow up and thinks everything needs to be fun in a way. Zayn has a sweet, over protective, bad boy personality. Niall has an adorable, care free, special personality that makes everyone love him. Harry has the perfect kind of personality. He can be shy, but at the same time completely friendly. Harry is very sweet and seems to always make people feel special. One Direction is the most important thing in my life. I absolutely in love with One Direction. Especially, Zayn Malik! I hope that my dream to go to One Direction 2013 World Tour will come true .

Lady Macbeth Essay

Lady Macbeth: In the play â€Å"Macbeth† written by Shakespeare the character Lady Macbeth is duplicitous. â€Å"†¦look like th’innocent flower, But be the serpent under’t† (I, vi, 64-65). The snake and the flower was a reference towards Macbeth although it depicts Lady Macbeth as well. Since she is under the same curse as Macbeth, because she has the same name, she is equally affected by the witches as he is. He is captured into the prophecy of the witches and so is Lady Macbeth. She might look kind and loyal to the king but above that, she is masked with greed and ambition.Lady Macbeth’s duplicity is also shown through the black permitting from behind her body. This displays her real true self that is covered by the cracked, masked bewitched image on the top. This was created through the witch’s interpretation of fate. â€Å"†¦look into the seeds of time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I, iii, 56) Lady Macbeth is holding the bloody dagger to demo nstrate that it was because of her ambitious attitude â€Å"Leave all the rest to me† (I, v, 73) and confidence â€Å"We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we’ll not fail. † (I, vii, 59- 61) that was the reason to Duncan’s death.Lady Macbeth was the one with the plans and motives; Macbeth was only the man who executed what his wife had told him to do like a puppet. That is why Lady Macbeth is holding the murder weapon because she the one who is ultimately responsible for the King’s death. Lady Macbeth is holding a bloody crown to her head. This is to symbolise how she (Like Macbeth) are king and queen but have a worthless throne. The gold in the crown (riches and wealth that come with being king/queen) show that they may have had more riches/wealth if they were pronounced the heirs other than through murder.The blood wiping out the gold is to show how since they killed Duncan, they are now no longer given riches or promised the throne forever. All of this shows to us how impulsive Lady Macbeth is. â€Å"what cannot you and I perform upon th’unguarded Duncan? † (I, vii, 69-70). She didn’t think of the consequences or the results of her actions. Of how their sacrifice will be futile until they have a son to claim and secure their throne and line of kings. Lady Macbeth’s green clothing is to show her desire in getting to a higher position in the Great Chain of Being.First it is trying to become a man â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I, v, 39-40). Her greed then is what took her above and beyond to killing the king and reaching his high and grand status. â€Å"†¦our hostess keeps her state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III, iv, 5). Lady Macbeth has a letter hanging from her body. This is to show how she is literate. â€Å" they met me in the day of success†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I, v, 1-13). During this era, women were thought to be lower than men and were not supposed to be educated. However, the first time Lady Macbeth was introduced was through her reading a letter.It also reveals to us that she is ahead of her time. She is quite distinctive compared to other typical women during that era. Another reason why she is ahead of her time is because she finds herself to be on par with her husband. It’s showing us a more dominant side to her where she’s elevated herself to his status. In addition to herself, Macbeth also finds her to be an equal to him. â€Å"This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness† (I, v, 9-10). Lady Macbeth is well-dressed in rich clothes to show that she is well-respected. An example of this is through King Duncan â€Å"See, see, our honour’d hostess. (I, vi, 11). She is thought to be worthy in every aspect and is therefore fit for clothes for a queen. Yet the clothes seem too big for her. Lady Macbeth is in a position of status that she does not f it to be in. Also, the reason why her clothes are too big for her is because she has belittled herself so much in the act of killing the King that any level of the Great Chain of Being would be too high in moral ground for her. (The size of clothes would all be too big for her). Her red hair is to symbolise how she is unappreciative and unaccepting towards her husband.She is always trying to change him â€Å"yet do I fear they nature, it is too full o’th’milk of human kindness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I, v, 15-16) Lady Macbeth doesn’t see him as a man and is always pointing that out to him. She is bullying him around because she needs him to achieve her desires and goals in life. â€Å"Are you a man? † (III, iv, 58) Lady Macbeth has a very guilty conscious. It is symbolised through one of her eyes. It’s to show how Lady Macbeth feels it is alright to do any evil deed as long as it is veiled by the cover of darkness and she doesn’t need to see it hers elf. Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark to cry, ‘Hold, hold. ’ (I, v, 49-53) Another way to look at it is by saying that she feels it’s alright to commit a deed with her hands without letting her eyes (conscious) see it. This shows she has strong faith in fate and God because she doesn’t want to be held accountable for her actions. (Predestined) Lady Macbeth isn’t smiling because she is insecure. She is alarmed and nervous after killing the king.Even the slightest of sounds make her go abrupt. â€Å"Hark, peace! It was the owl that shriek’d†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II, ii, 3) She isn’t at peace and she isn’t satisfied by her actions. Still in shock during and after the murder, Lady Macbeth is troubled and unable to remain contempt. Lady Macbeth has an unusual personality. She is two-faced, ambitious, confident, impul sive, greedy, literate, distinctive, dominant, well-respected, unappreciative, unaccepting, conscious, and insecure. She is a lady who has a rare combination of traits that together make up her villainous character.

Colonialism and the Struggles of the Black Psyche Essay

The book â€Å"Black Skin, White Masks† by Frantz Fanon analyzes the psychological damage that colonialism wrought on the colonizer and the colonized. Fanon also bases his analyses on his own experiences, wherein he describes how black children develop neuroses that root from their antagonism of their own skin, because of the media and their daily circumstances: â€Å"The dominant colonial culture†¦identifies the black skin of the Negro with impurity; and the Antilleans accept this association and so come to despise themselves† (Appiah ix). The source of â€Å"Black Skin, White Masks† is the psychological injury from colonialism, racism, and gender inequality, an injury that will escape recovery, unless the black psyche conquers its inner white demons and alienate all that alienates him/her. Fanon writes from the experiences and psychiatric analyses of the black skin and the white masks that black people don. He describes a girl who is afraid of black people: â€Å"†¦it is at this age that the Negro as savage and cannibal makes his appearance. It is easy to make the connection† (Fanon 184). This fear for the black skin is also emphasized and criticized in the painting â€Å"How Do You Like Me Now† (1988) (fig. 1) by David Hammons. This fourteen-by-sixteen-foot painting shows political leader Jesse Jackson with blond, wavy hair, blue eyes, pink cheeks, and white skin. The title is also a song of a popular rapper Kool Moe Dee. This painting can be interpreted from different perspectives. Barnwell and Buick argue that white viewers can see the painting from their perspective, wherein they are challenged to see through their biases and consider voting for a black man, now that he is â€Å"whitened. At the same time, the painting â€Å"asks black viewers whether they would support Jackson if he were white,† say Barnwell and Buick. On the other hand, the interpretation of the paintings also changes with the race of the artist. Barnwell and Buick explore the changes in meanings of the artwork, if Hammons race is changed from black to white. This painting has bee n attacked ten black men, who thought that it was racist and insulting, and they used sledgehammers to assail it and take it away from its scaffolding. Barnwell and Buick wonder if the black group would have still destroyed the painting, if they knew that the painter was black and that he was merely satirizing the color lines that enslave people’s minds. Clearly, blackness and whiteness release the innermost values and emotions of the people. The reactions can reflect the anger and despondency of the subjugated black race. â€Å"How Do You Like Me Now† (1988), as seen by the violent response of some people, has clearly marred the colonized. Colonialism has injured the black psyche to the extent that violence has been etched into it too. Colonialism has stripped black people of the right to define their identities, by caricaturing their existence and purpose in life. Colonialism, like slavery, skews the black people’s right to humanity and power. Violence, however, can regain this loss of power and replace the sense of loss. Through violence, the gap between power and powerlessness can be filled again. â€Å"How Do You Like Me Now† (1988) also remarks on the damage of colonization and racism to the colonizer. From the racist white perspective, this blonde man is a person who has greater potential for being a president. If faced with a black person, with black eyes and curly hair, the racist white would be offended with the overarching blackness. It will feel, like Fanon’s little girl who is afraid of black people, that they are being assaulted. The size of the painting also asserts power. But since colonial and white America would not consider any immense power from the black people, it is important to wear the white mask. With the black person masked as white, he will be accepted and he will have power. This is the same critique of Fanon of colonizers. The colonizers have forgotten that the black people also have their own identities. The whites see no black individuality and power, but only their whiteness. This seeing of whiteness on blackness marks another neurosis from the side of the whites. What is it about their whiteness that they have loved themselves too deeply and too irrationally? Following the analysis of Fanon, having power and asking for too much of it dehumanized the white race of the colonial times. That power is white has been embedded in their mind, an embedding that has been too violently engraved that to remove it also means to aggressively remove a part of them. Thus, the colonized is psychologically damaged too. But as the black people who hammered away â€Å"How Do You Like Me Now† (1988) showed, it is not acceptable to be a non-human being. It is not acceptable to be colonized and still feel like a normal human being. There must be catharsis. There must be freedom from all alienations. The painting â€Å"Wives of Shango† (n. d. ) (fig. 2) by Jeff Donaldson captures the liberation from three fronts- liberation of race, liberation of gender, and liberation from one’s own struggles. In this painting, three black women are adorned with bullets and money. The two are not looking back at the viewers, but have superiority in the way their chins are turned up. The middle woman at the back dares to look back at the viewers. But the expression is fierce, and it makes viewers look away. This painting is an image of power. This image breaks away the â€Å"comparaison† that Fanon talks about. Fanon argues that blacks are in the state of â€Å"comparaison,† wherein: â€Å"†¦he is constantly preoccupied with self-assertion and the ego ideal† (185-186). This preoccupation is about blacks being â€Å"always dependent on the presence of ‘The Other’† (Fanon 186). â€Å"Wives of Shango† (n. d. ) is interpreted as the shedding away of this â€Å"comparaison. It does not have a drop of submission or weakness. The women symbolize the power of their gender and race. They are willing to pay and kill to exert power. They are willing to dominate their personal struggles too, by fixing it through money and blood. But the means of money and violence, on the other hand, can also be interpreted as the product of the white gaze. Is it possible that these women are also still being white, by using the same arsenals of the white race? The white race entered and conquered through violence and money. Are the black people going to fight back with the same kind of brutal force? In doing so, they are â€Å"being white† too. Fanon argues that to be black, black people should also accept their whiteness. Fanon says: â€Å"I am French† (179), which includes being part of the white French culture. Fanon argues that the black people could not annihilate the whiteness in them. In the same way, white people can also not demolish the blackness inside them. White and black have mixed already, and this merging of two races and cultures cannot be ignored. Though the white demon has seeded inferiority complex in the black psyche, Fanon suggests that the way to recovery from the white’s subjugation is accepting â€Å"that which is white† in them. The alienation that black people feel is another problem, as it has divided the black psyche into numerous conflicting dimensions. Fanon says: â€Å"That this self-division is a direct result of colonialist subjugation is beyond question† (17). The alienation renders unspeakable psychiatric damages as it injects â€Å"compound, ambiguous, and unsettling results, both internally and externally† (Brown-Guillory 35). Fanon recommends a white mask, but not all people can wear it. â€Å"Wives of Shango† (n. d. ) detaches itself from the white mask. It stresses the power of the black psyche that can be hung outside in full glory. This black psyche might be afraid though, even when it is confident. The women wear symbols of violence and fighting. They know that re-locating their positions in power centers can have drawbacks, and they are prepared with ammunition. Alienation has corrupted the mind completely that fear has been entrenched in the actions and beliefs of the black people. This is where Fanon makes sense. Fear that alienation has created can only be undone through accepting the whiteness. It is also about mending the anger with peace, not with violence. The white mask does not represent another form of oppression. It symbolizes the feeling of safety and trust with whiteness. It signifies the end of domination of the black, because anytime, that mask can be removed. And fundamentally, it is still a white mask. Fanon makes several strong points. Racism, colonialism, and sexism have maimed the psyche of the white and black people. They are divided within, because of these oppressive experiences. But the blacks can recover from this damage, as long as they can handle wearing the white mask. At the same time, they must remember that the white mask is only a mask. It is important for the black people to also find their black identities and revel in the dignity of wearing it inside and out.